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کشاورزی::
هیدرولیز آنزیمی
This route is comprised of pretreatment, required to decrease biomass recalcitrance and improve accessibility of enzymes for the subsequent step, enzymatic hydrolysis, in which cellulose is converted to glu- cose.
In the last step, sugars released during pretreatment and hydrolysis must be fermented to ethanol-while C6 sugars released in enzymatic hydrolysis can be easily fermented to ethanol using the same yeasts employed in ?
cantly increases enzymatic hydrolysis yields (Wyman et al. 2005).
Besides promoting alteration of the lignocellulosic matrix leading to increased cellulose accessibility, an adequate pretreatment should improve production of fermentable sugars in enzymatic hydrolysis, with minimal cellulose degradation and formation of fer- mentation inhibitory compounds (furfural from xylose and hydroxymethylfurfural from glucose, besides phenolics and acetic acid), as well as reduced energy con- sumption and production costs (Gupta and Verma 2015; Limayem and Ricke 2012; Singh et al. 2015).
Generally, a solid-liquid separation is used to separate the pretreated lignocellulose before enzymatic hydrolysis.
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